TEOFILO
KISANJI UNIVERSITY
https://grantedpigsunborn.com/heyuciib6?key=eddd1aa96161b84ce0de7d7798918577
(TEKU)
“Training
for Better Life”
RESEARCH
REPORT
AN
ASSESSMENT OF SELF-HELP SPIRIT ON COMMUNITY WORKS: A CASE STUDY OF MWAKIBETE
WARD IN MBEYA CITY
BY
DOROPHINA
PATRICK MYOBA
NS0456/0015/2017
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Information
Self-help spirit in
community work is very important to community and different activities and it
is serious taken as the one of discipline subject that needs to be taken
serious consideration on the society. These active are likely to observe in the
community and people tend to do and helps others in order to find the best way
of living people. The major end product of self-help in community work is to
make people living in the better place and help to make different amendments in
order to increase the chance of people living in a better condition. Community
development is a coordinated approach whereby the community members undertake
projects and programs to better the living condition of the people residing in
that community (Shaw, 2007).
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Self-help spirit is
very common in different area and different aspect of life like in community
development project and community works like in health facilities, roads
infrastructure, water sources management and general environment cleanness and
many countries in the world emphases the self-help to people in order to
maintain peace and harmony among the people in the community.
Large
number of people in Tanzania needs self-help spirit in order to help different
community work that can be found in the area like in Mwakibete wards were
different activities that needs people who are determined themselves and they
are ready to work for such activities and work.
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1.2 Statement of the Problem
>
Self-help
is one of the subject that attracted many scholars in the world especially in
community work and community development projects. The good example is that the
assessment of youths involvement in
self-help community development projects in Nsukka local government area of
Enugu State (Chijoke, 2014) and community self-help
projects
and rural development
study
of selected communities in
ado-odo/ota local government area
(Oluwatobi,2011).
Many
studies show that self-help spirit is very low like (Chijoke, 2014) who found
that few youths are involved in community development project while many adults
seems to have a positive correlations with the involvement in the community
development projects. This shows that due to lack of education and information
about the importance of self-help spirit to the community is very low.
Most
of the studies focuses on self-help in community project development and not on
community work and it is not known if self-help spirit in community work does
exist. Most of people find it difficult to participate in community and
self-help spirit is low to most of the community member.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 General objective
The general objective
of the study was to assess self-help spirit in community work at Mwakibete ward
in Mbeya city in order to increase awareness to the community member of
different community work that exist and provide information to local government
about the community work that can be implemented.
1.3.2 Specific objectives
The specific of the study includes:
a)
To
identify the community work that exists at Mwakibete ward in Mbeya city.
b)
To
assess the factors influencing self-help spirit in community work at Mwakibete
ward in Mbeya city.
c)
To
assess problem facing people in self-help spirit in community work at Mwakibete
ward in Mbeya city.
1.4 Research Questions
The following are the
research questions that were asked:
a)
What
are the community works that exists at Mwakibete ward in Mbeya city?
b)
What
are factors influencing self-help spirit in community work at Mwakibete ward in
Mbeya city?
c)
What
are problems facing people in self-help spirit in community work at Mwakibete
ward in Mbeya city?
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1.5 Significance of the Study
The findings from this study helps in creating awareness of community
work that exist in the society, it
provide fundamental area of local government of Mwakibete ward in
formulation of different policy and by laws that will govern in self-help
spirit in community work and it help non-Government Organization on planning,
implementation and motivation of community on self-help spirit. The study provides
data that will help the foundations for other research and making different
program proposal for different community work development.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
Self-help spirit is one
of the major disciplines that comprise many areas like in social works, social
projects, economic development and environmental development. This study
comprises many area but mainly is concerning with self-help spirit in community
work and which found at Mwakibete ward. The study was focused only and Mwakibete
ward in Mbeya municipality. The study faced some barriers and obstacle during
the implementation and these includes fear of group discussion during data
collection due to spread of COVID-19 and government initiating to block of some
gathering of people hence lead to lack of assurance of data collection.
1.7 Area of Study
The study was conducted
at Mwakibete ward in Mbeya region. The region is located on Southern Highland
zone of Tanzania and it found in Mbeya city municipal council. The reason for Mwakibete ward is that due to
availability of many people who can help in different community work. According to United Republic of Tanzania
(2013) MWAKIBETE WARD had a total population of 23318 of which 11,093 are male
and 12,225 are female in 2012 Census.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
INTRODUCTION
Literature review is
the scholar paper that provides description, summary and critical evaluation of
area of research and theories in relation of research problem that being
investigated. Always literature review is secondary source of data and do not
state the research that are being investigated since it provide information
about the other study that is related to the study that being investigated
Chijoke (2014).
According
to Machi
and Mcevoy (2009), literature review is
very import since helps to describes how
the proposed research is correlated to working research in statistics, It helps
justifies the proposed methodology, it help in your dissertation, helps to
demonstrates your preparedness to complete the research and it helps to show
the relevance of research problem.
Furthermore, literature
reviews are common in a research proposal that is the document that is approved
before a student formally begins a research project (Baglione, 2012). This
chapter will employ both empirical and theoretical literature review of
assessing the existence of self-help spirit in community work at Mwakibete ward
in Mbeya city.
2.1 Definition of Keys Terms
2.1.1 Self-help
Self-help activities can be done by the whole community or by individual
interest groups such as youths, men and women organizations or groups, age gap,
thrift associations and others. Therefore, self-help is the practice of using
your own effort and resources to achieving things without depending from
another one (Shaw, 2007).
2.1.2 Community work
Community work is the
planned activities that aim to mobilize communities to use their own social
structure and resources in order to identify their own problem and achieve
their desired goals. “Community work focuses and more related to human right
pp. 5” (Pawar, 2014).
2.2 Empirical Literature Review
2.2.1 Community work that exist
Community work can be identified by descriptive statistics
by running the percentage that have higher rate and some of the community work
are like building
of markets, community halls, clearing bushes, helping patient in the hospitals,
organize a self-defense workshop and planting trees.
Nonga, Henry and
Magayane (2018) shows that a small proportion
(10.1%) of households affirmed having involved in community construction of
water sources. He found that water source types constructed by community members in Morogoro were shallow water
holes, wells and dam. This study show that few people in
Morogoro were willing to participate in community were compared to the study of
Shinyanga who found that 80% of the respondent were ready in self-help in group
members participation. He also found that a small proportion (18.6%) of
households affirmed community were engaged in improvement of the water source
in Morogoro. this show that few people are willing in self-help in the
community work due to different reasons.
Nonga,
et al., (2018) show that 83.3% of the
households in Morogoro were having low level of self-help in water sources
conservation. This means that many of community members imply that community
members’ has low self-help spirit in community work especially towards solving
water problems and other activities.
This means that from the view point self-help, many of community members
in community activities is very low.
In Nigeria Gboku and
Lekoko (2007) found that project implementation on community work depend much
on the development of the project such that project implementation practical
application of ideas, opinions and decision taken in action in order to realize set goals and objectives
towards changing the living conditions of the people positively. He also found
that many community self-help works fail due to bad implementation.
Chijoke (2014) found
that 2.8 mean acceptance of both the youths and community leaders disagreed
that youths were involved in the monitoring and evaluation of self-help
community development projects. This shows that few youth involved on community
development projects compared to other gender group.
According to Morison
(2000) a number of different approaches to community work can be recognized and
they are capacity building, social capital formation, political participatory
development, non-violent direct action, ecologically sustainable development,
asset based community work and development, faith based community work,
community practice social work, community based participatory research,
community mobilization, community empowerment, community participation and
community driven development and these are some of community work that can be
found to the society.
2.2.2 Factors Influencing Self-help spirit in Community Work
There are different
factors that motivate people to participate in self-help spirit like Pawar
(2014) who found that 22.1% and the least motivating factor was saving in
participating self-help group. Also he
found that 64% of the people were participating in the groups in order to raise
income and eradicate poverty. This means that many people would participate in
self-help depends on the income level.
Also
some studies shows that age have great influence on self-help spirit like Nonga
et al., (2018) who found that
community member with the age group or 18-35 were lass involved in self-help in
construction and improvement of the water sources while people with age group
of people with the age group of 35-55were willing to participate in community
work especially construction of water sources. This means youth have lower
participation on self-help in community development project.
Several
studies have shown the positive relationship between self-help and education
level of the community members. Pawar (2014) found that education has
positively related to the self-help in social group formation and
participation. People with higher education are likely to accept and
participate in self-help community groups compared to those who have little
knowledge. Also Nonga et al., (2018)
found that people with at least a secondary education were ready in self-help
initiative compared to those with primary and formal education. This means that
there is positive correlation between education and self-help in community
work.
Several studies have
shown the positive relationship between self-help in community development
project and education level of the community members. Chijoke (2014) found that
education has positively related to the self-help in community development
projects. People with higher education are likely to accept and participate in
self-help community development project compared to those who have little
knowledge.
Also
some studies shows that income has little influence on self-help on community
work like Oluwatobi (2011) who show that income have
negatively related to the self-help in rural development project. The finding
suggested that the percentage of respondents with a higher income attainment
tend to be lower self-help and participate in rural community development than
those with lower income attainment.
Some
studies shows that age have great influence on self-help spirit like Chijoke
(2014) who found that young people with the age group of 18-35 has very little
participation on self-help in youth involvement on
community development projects compared to the age of above 35. This means
youth have lower participation on self-help in community development project.
2.2.3 Problem Facing Self-help Spirit in Community
Many studies shows that
family responsibility is major problem in self-help especially in community
work like Nonga et al., (2018) who found that many of the community member
in Morogoro were having a little show up in construction and protecting of
water sources. This also supported by Pawar (2014) explained that family
responsibility is the major problem facing people in self-help functionality in
group participation. This means that people who are married especially women
faced more with the problem of family responsibility.
Also lack of funds and poverty is
one of the major problems that facing many people as observed by Nonga et al., (2018) that many of community member in the society
struggle to engage in self-help initiative especially in water source
conservation in Morogoro. This means that people focuses on earning jobs that
voluntary jobs. One of the
reasons for low
self-help efforts could
be insufficient fund availability and
skills which are
necessary for improving water
supply services. Also (Pawar, 2014) said many people were not in self-help
group due to lack of money and funds.
Many studies shows that
there are many problems facing people during the self-help on community work
like Chijoke (2014) who show that the problem of project development
implementation is very common in the community due to lack of education and
skilled people who can lead to project successful.
Also some studies shows
that due to poverty and illiteracy it may lead to little youth involvement on
self-help activities like Anderson (2005) carried out a study to determine the
level of youth’s participation in community development projects in Lima a town
and found that small percentage of youths involve themselves in community
development project in Lima.
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2.4
Theory and Models
2.4.1 Theory of Human Capital
The theory was introduced by Gary Becker in 1964 which
regarded as one of the classical economics Na L. (2012). The human capital
theory posits that human beings
can increase their productive capacity through greater education and skills
training. Human capital theory is a framework that examines the
relationships between education, economic growth, and social well-being. It is
an extension of the capital concept and posits that expenditures on education,
job training, and health are capital investments that will yield economic and
social returns at the individual and societal levels. Education and training
are assumed to lead to greater productivity, which is ultimately translated
into economic returns such as higher wages and increased GDP.
The
key element of human capita theory includes time, talent and energy. These
characteristics emphasizes on how time, talent and energy can be consumed by
human in order to perform a job.
2.4.2Weaknes of
the theory
The
critic of this theory is that it assumes that education determines the marginal
productivity of labour and these determine earning. But sometime is not true
that education can determine the productivity of labour and sometime labour can
perform well without education like manual jobs.
This
study will apply human capital theory (HCT) where by self-help spirit in
community work can be depend much on education and human capital formulation in
the society. Availability of labour in different community work can be
determined by this theory and people who are willing to participate on
community work can depend much on this theory.
Family
responsibility and other activities like bankers job to human can contribute to
little influence and participation on community work for self-help. These
problems will be well addressed by the Theory of Human Capital.
2.5 Conceptual
Framework
According
to Miles & Hubernman (2015) “conceptual framework is used in research to
outline possible courses and alternative of action or to present a proffered
approach to an idea that describes the relationship between the variables”. It
helps to present key ideas and complex interactions of a number of important
construct on the outcome variable. Self-help spirit will be the dependent
variable and the factors influencing self-help spirit in community work will be
independent variable.
Inspired by: Miles
& Hubernman (2015)
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CHAPTER
THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Research
methodology is one of the very important areas that explain how the whole
research will be performed. On this chapter, it will help to describe how the
research will be done and research design to target population and sampling.
Also it will include data collection methods, approaches and instruments.
Research
methodology is very important in the society since it helps in decision making,
it describes the study of cause and effect relationship between variables,
helps in solving various planning and operational problems as well as it helps
in formulation of government policies and regulations (Kumar, 2005).
3.1 Research
Design
According to Yin (2014)
research design regarding what, when, when, how much, by the means concerning
an enquiry or research study constitute a research design. Research design is
the plan of the proposed research activity and it includes all elements of the
research.
According to Yin (2014)
“Research design is an arrangement of elements of the collection and data
analysis in the way that aim to combine relevance to research goal with
economy” (p.65). it is the framework of research
methods and techniques that selected by researcher. The design helps
researchers to focus in on research methods that are required for the subject
matter of their studies. The following are types of research design according
to Yin (2014)
3.1.1Descriptive research design
This is the research design, where
the researcher is primarily interested in explaining the study that is the
subject of the research. It is applied to case studies, like observations,
surveys, and others.
3.1.2 Correlational research design
Correlational design enables the
researcher to establish some types of a relation between two closely related of
variables. It’s not experimental research design type that needs at least two groups
of data.
3.1.3Experimental research design
It can be either a field experiment or a
controlled experiment or a quasi-experiment, this is the research design types
that established the relationship between the cause and effect of a certain
study.
3.1.4 Diagnostic research design
This is the research that aims to examine the
underlying cause of a certain situation. It can help you find more about the
reasons that lead to specific issues or challenges. It usually consists of
three research phases that is problem inception, problem diagnosis, and problem
solution.
3.1.5 Explanatory research design
Explanatory research design is used to
expand, explore, and explain the researcher’s ideas and theories. This type of
research design is used to elaborate on the unexplored aspects of a particular
topic and try to explain the missing pieces.
Therefore this research
used exploratory research design since it tends to identify and explore the problem
that existed in the ward.
3.2 Research
Approach
3.2.1 Qualitative approach
In this study
qualitative approach helped the researcher to collect data from respondents at
Mwakibete through interview in the ward in order to assess the existence of
self-help in community work, challenges facing people with self-help spirit in
community work and problem facing self-help spirit in community work at
Mwakibete ward in Mbeya city.
Qualitative research is
always expressed in words. It is helps to understand concepts,
thoughts and experiences. This type of research helps you to gather in-depth
insights on subject that is not well understood (Creswell & Clark,
2018).
3.2.2 Quantitative
approach
It is supported by
(Creswell & Clark, 2018). “Quantitative research is very important in
selecting a sample from a population of study pp 25. Quantitative research was very
important in selecting a sample from a population of study. Qualitative
approach aimed at understanding and conveying respondent’s life experience in a
given social setting or environment.
Quantitative research
express numbers in graphs and it used to test and confirm theory and these
includes experiments, observation recorded from the field as numbers, and
survey with closed ended questions such as multiple choice and yes or no format
questions (Creswell & Clark, 2018).
3.2.3 Mixed Methods
According
to Creswell and Clark (2018) mixed method is defined as those that include at
least one quantitative method(designed to collect numbers) and one qualitative
method (designed to collect words), where neither type of method is inherently
linked to any particular inquiry paradigm”. (p. 256).
Therefore,
this study used mixed method approach in conducting the entire study. .
3.3 Sampling
Sampling is the process
of obtaining the sample. The study used different combination of sampling
procedure. Both purposive sampling and random sampling technique were employed.
The reason for using purposive sampling is to collect in depth about the
population of the area that is the people who have share
similar characteristics like the culture (Creswell & Clark, 2018).
3.3.1 Simple
random sampling
Simple random
sampling
involves randomly choosing individuals based on systematic procedure, such as
the use of a random numbers table, so that each person in the identified
population has a known chance of being selected (Creswell & Clark, 2018).
3.3.2 Purposeful
sampling
Purposive
sampling means that researchers intentionally select (or recruit) participants
who have experienced the central phenomenon or key concept being explored in
the study. A number of purposeful sampling strategies are available, each with
a different purpose (Creswell & Clark, 2018).
This study used both
simple random sampling and purposive sampling because the nature of the
population which has homogenous characteristics and has a great influence on
self-help in their work and community work.
3.3.3 Sample size
The study comprised
sample of community member at Mwakibete ward in Mbeya city who were
interviewed. Using the primary data, 45 respondents were asked to provide the
information. The respondent was selected by using simple random and purposive
due to limited of time.
C
= 
×100
Where
C represents a figure greater or equal to 5% of the area population,
N is the total population in the villages and
n is the number of sample people living at Mwakibete
ward.
The 5% will only be sufficient, provided that the
sample size will be not less than 30.
3.4 Targeted population
The
main targeted of the population for this study was residents of Mwakibete ward
were the group people of above working age (15 years) will be targeted to
provide the information. Also the targeted population will include people with
different characteristics such as businessman, farmers, students and civil
servant.
3.6 Area of Study
The study was conducted
at Mwakibete ward in Mbeya region. The region is located on Southern Highland
zone of Tanzania and it found in Mbeya city municipal council. The reason for
Mwakibete ward is that due to availability if many people who can help in
different community work. Also the area of the study has one characteristics
that is the population is homogenous
3.7 Methods of
Data Collection
Data collection is the
process of obtaining data through interview, questionnaire and survey, focus
group discussion and documents and records.
3.7.1 Interview
Interviews
are primarily done in qualitative research and occur when researchers ask one
or more participants general, open-ended questions and record their answers.
Often audiotapes are utilized to allow for more consistent transcription
Creswell & Clark, (2018). This study used interview in collection of data
from the respondent and people of Mwakibete ward. Interview
used when researchers want to acquire in-depth knowledge of particular contexts
or speakers and they need to answer difficult questions, such as what it means
to be able to speak two language in a given study, they will need to use
interviews (Codo, 2009).
3.7.2 Questionnaires
According to
Abawi (2017), questionnaire defined as a research instrument consisting of a series
of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from
respondents. A questionnaire is very useful for collecting biographical
information on speakers, and quantifiable data on language abilities, practices,
and attitudes. Survey research can provide an overview of the language
situation of a given population. In community studies, questionnaires are
helpful to get an idea of who, where and when different languages are spoken
and of attitudes towards them (Codo, 2009).
3.7.3 Observation
Observation is the tool that provides information about the
actual behavior through employing the common senses. Is the systematic
description of events, behaviors, and artifacts in the social setting chosen
for study". Observations enable the researcher to describe existing
situations using the five senses. Field
observation was used in order to verify information collected by using
interview and questionnaire (Coulter, 2013).
3.7.4 Documentary
Documentary methods are the techniques used to
categorize, investigate, interpret and identify the limitations of physical
sources, most commonly written documents, whether in the private or public
domain (personal papers, commercial records, or state archives, communications
or legislation) (Coulter,2013).
This
study used interview and questionnaire because it seeks to collect in-depth
information. Also the study helped to collect information that used to quantify
data and since the population is homogenous, it helps to get information that
was very important.
3.8 Data Analysis
3.6.1 Descriptive
statistics
Data
from the field was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS). The reason for using SPSS is that it is very quickly to analyze and
provide many options in analyzing data. Descriptive statistic used to analyze
the information concerned with the self-help spirit in community work. The
respondent’s descriptive statistics was used to describe data on the frequency
and percentages. Also crosstab between variables was analyzed by identifying
percentages and frequencies of the respondent (Field, 2018).
CHAPTER
FOUR
PRESENTATION
DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE FINDINGS
4.0 Introduction
This chapter including the presentation, discussion and interpretation
of the finding obtained from the Mwakibete ward. On the research title an assessment of self-help spirit
on community works: a case study of Mwakibete ward in Mbeya city. That was
started on 23rd July
4.1 Socio-economic
Characteristics of Respondents
This
part summarizes the socio-economic characteristics of respondent which includes
age of respondent, sex, education level, respondent occupation, and marital
status. This part is set to provide a summary of the socio-economic characteristic that
influences the respondent’s self-help spirit on community work.
4.1.1 Sex of the
respondent
The findings from the
study showed that majority of the respondents were male which is 51.1%, while
female respondents were 48.9 %. See table 4.1 below.
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Table
4.1: Sex of respondents |
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|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
Female |
22 |
48.9 |
48.9 |
48.9 |
|
Male |
23 |
51.1 |
51.1 |
100.0 |
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Total |
45 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
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Source: Field Study September 2021
4.1.2 Age of the
respondent
The
survey involved the household’s members who were at least 15 years of age at
the time of interview. The study
found that the majority of the respondents were age group of 26-35 years- 37% of
the respondents. They are followed by the age group of 36-45 years who are 20%. This
means that most of the respondents in the study are young people. See table 4.2
below.
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Table 4.2: Age of the respondent |
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Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
15-25 |
7 |
15.6 |
15.6 |
15.6 |
|
26-35 |
17 |
37.8 |
37.8 |
53.3 |
|
|
36-45 |
9 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
73.3 |
|
|
45-60 |
1 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
75.6 |
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|
46-60 |
8 |
17.8 |
17.8 |
93.3 |
|
|
Above 61 |
3 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
45 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
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|
Source: Field Study September 2021
4.1.3 Education Level of Respondent
Findings from the study indicated that,
majority of the respondents are primary school leavers and Secondary school
leavers (ordinary level), each with 33.3%. That means, majority of the people
in the area/ward have relatively low level of education. The education level
enables to understand the importance of involvement on Self-help spirit on
community works. See table 4.3 below.
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Table 4.3: Education level of the respondents |
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|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
College |
8 |
17.8 |
17.8 |
17.8 |
|
No
formal |
7 |
15.6 |
15.6 |
33.3 |
|
|
Ordinary |
15 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
66.7 |
|
|
Primary |
15 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
45 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
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|
Source:
Field Study September 2021
4.1.4 Occupation
of respondent
Finding
from the study show that the major occupations are farmers with 31.1%,student
24.4% entrepreneurs 13.3%, livestock 13.3%, employed 11.1% and business 6.7% .
This means the main activity at Mwakibete ward is farming activities. See the
table 4.4 below
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Table
4.4: Occupation of the respondent |
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|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
Business |
3 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
6.7 |
|
Employed |
5 |
11.1 |
11.1 |
17.8 |
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|
Entrepreneur |
6 |
13.3 |
13.3 |
31.1 |
|
|
Farmer |
14 |
31.1 |
31.1 |
62.2 |
|
|
Livestock |
6 |
13.3 |
13.3 |
75.6 |
|
|
Student |
11 |
24.4 |
24.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
45 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
||
Source:
Field Study September 2021
4.1.5 Marital status
The study shows that 53% of the respondents
were married and 47% were single. This show that most of people in Mwakibete
ward is living as couples. See table 4.5 below.
Table
4.5: Marital status of the respondent
|
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
Married |
24 |
53.3 |
53.3 |
53.3 |
|
Single |
21 |
46.7 |
46.7 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
45 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Source:
Field Study September 2021
4.2 Community Works
found in Mwakibete Ward
From the finding, 100%
of the respondent said building bridges and school are available while mowing
the elders was said by little respondent were only 9% said that such activities
is available. This means that most of community works in the ward is building
and planting trees. See the table 4.6.
Table
4.6: Community Works
|
Community work |
Number
of occurrence |
|
Building the bridge
and schools |
45 |
|
Plant a tree |
45 |
|
Donation of Blood |
11 |
|
Mow an elderly neighbor's lawn |
4 |
|
Repaint community fences |
45 |
|
Clean up a local park, roads and
railways |
36 |
|
Organize a self-defense workshop |
25 |
|
Others |
44 |
Source: Field Study September 2021
4.2.1 Participation on self-help on Community Works
From the study 68% of the
respondent said Yes to participate in community works and 32% said No. this
means that most of people in the ward are willing to participate in self-help
on community work. See table 4.7
Table
4.7: Participation of the respondent in self-help on community works
|
|
Frequency |
Percent (%) |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
No |
14 |
31.1 |
31.1 |
31.1 |
|
Yes |
31 |
68.9 |
68.9 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
45 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
|
Source: Field Study September 2021
Reasons
to participate
Findings from the study
show that 39% want to help the community and 6% want to gain knowledge. See the
table 4.8 below.
Table
4.8: Reasons to participate
|
Reasons to Participate |
Frequency |
Percent |
|
I
want to help the community |
12 |
39 |
|
I
want to conserve the environment |
4 |
13 |
|
It
is my responsibility |
5 |
16. |
|
I
want to gain knowledge |
2 |
6 |
|
I
have ideal time |
4 |
13 |
|
I
want to help others I
want to get jobs experience |
3 1 |
10 3 |
Source: Field Study September 2021
Reasons for
not participating
From the finding 5 respondent said they do not want to
participate since it is not their duty and they have no time. See the table4.9
below.
Table
4.9: Reason for not participating
|
Reasons
for not Participating |
Frequency |
|
Not
my duty |
5 |
|
It
is not my responsibility |
3 |
|
Corruption
|
1 |
|
I
have no time (busy) |
5 |
|
Total |
14 |
Source: Field Study September 2021
4.3 Influencing
Self-help Spirit on Community Works
4.3.1 Education
level
From
the finding, education has a positive influence on the self-help spirit on
community works. Also people with no formal education are reluctant to
participate on community works. There for education is one of the factor that
influence self-help on community works. See the table 4.10
Table
4.10: Cross tab of education and participation in self-help on community work
|
Education of the respondent *
Participation of the respondent Cross tabulation |
||||
|
|
Participation of the respondent |
Total |
||
|
No |
Yes |
|||
|
Education
of the respondent |
College |
0 |
8 |
8 |
|
No
formal |
5 |
2 |
7 |
|
|
Ordinary |
4 |
9 |
15 |
|
|
Primary |
5 |
11 |
15 |
|
|
Total |
14 |
31 |
45 |
|
Source:
Field Study September 2021
4.3.2 Sex
of the Respondent
From
the findings the study show that more female were not ready to participate on
community work, this means that sex have influence on self-help on community
work. See the table 4.11 below.
Table
4.11: Cross tab of gender and participation in self-help on community work
|
Sex of respondent * Participation
of the respondent Cross tabulation |
||||
|
|
Participation of the respondent |
Total |
||
|
No |
Yes |
|||
|
Sex
of Respondent |
Female |
8 |
14 |
22 |
|
Male |
6 |
17 |
23 |
|
|
Total |
14 |
31 |
45 |
|
Source:
Field Study September 2021
4.3.3 Occupation
From the finding, the study show that
nature of occupation can influence self-help on community work either
positively or negatively. See table 4.12 below.
Table
4.12: Cross tab of occupation and participation in self-help on community work
|
Occupation of the respondent * Participation of
the respondent Cross tabulation |
||||
|
|
Participation of the respondent |
Total |
||
|
No |
Yes |
|||
|
Occupation
of the respondent |
Business |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
Employed |
1 |
4 |
5 |
|
|
Entrepreneur |
0 |
6 |
6 |
|
|
Farmer |
2 |
12 |
14 |
|
|
Livestock |
2 |
4 |
6 |
|
|
Student |
8 |
3 |
11 |
|
|
Total |
14 |
31 |
45 |
|
Source: Field Study September 2021
4.4 Problems
facing in Self-help on Community Work
From
the finding Family responsibility was the major obstacle in community work
participation with 98%, limited time 89%, conflict 89%, different ideology
among community members 71% and lack of support where 67%.
Other
problems includes lack of education (44%) and lack of communication skills
(33%) as well as poor government support, poor infrastructure, lack of
cooperation and unit. These are the problems that people do encounter during
the self-help on community work. See the table 4.13
Table
4.13: Problems
facing in self-help on community work
|
Problem Faced by respondent |
Number
of occurrence |
|
Lack of support from
other members |
30 |
|
Lack of education on
importance of self-help |
20 |
|
Shortage of time |
40 |
|
Family responsibility |
44 |
|
Lack of communication skills |
15 |
|
Conflict |
40 |
|
Poor ideology of community member |
32 |
|
Others |
36 |
|
Total
Number of respondents |
45 |
Source:
Field Study September 2021
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion
Based
on this study, it is possible to draw conclusion in relation to the specific
objectives. The study showed that respondent identifies different community
work, factors influencing self-help spirit on community work and the problems
facing people on self-help spirit on community work. Large part of the
population in Mwakibete ward agreed to participate on self-help on community
work where 69% of the respondent said yes to participate in community work.
The factors affecting participation in
self-help spirit on community work gender, occupation, education where it
influenced in both positively and negatively. Also the study identify different
problems where many respondents said that family responsibility, shortage of
time and different ideology are major problems that the community member face
during community work.
5.2
Recommendations
Despite their higher
willing to participate in self-help on community work, education is very
important in expanding the knowledge of importance self-help on community work.
This
study recommends that policy and
decision makers should start implementing the self-help in different
development program and policies in the area especially in the whole country.
Also the study recommends that the community member should involve in different
community activities despite their different ideology in political parties.
Based
on the findings from this study, it is recommended that research is needed to
shed light on reasons underlying the factors which influence self-help spirit
on community work for development of the community. This will helps in widening
the knowledge about self-help.
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L. (2012). Writing a Research Paper
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C.R., (2010). Research Methodology:
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APPENDICES
WORK PLAN
|
S/N |
Activity/Week |
Week
1 |
Week
2 |
Week
3 |
Week4 |
Week
5 |
Week
6 |
|
|
Research
proposal development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data
collection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data
skimming and scanning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data
analysis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Report
writing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Report
submission |
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUDGET
|
|
ACTIVITIES |
COST(TSH) |
|
1 |
Travel cost |
5000 |
|
2 |
Data collection |
10,000 |
|
3 |
Computer time for data entry and
analysis |
5000 |
|
4 |
Stationery |
30000 |
|
5 |
Meal and accommodation |
20,000 |
|
6 |
Total |
70,000 |
RESEARCH
QUESTIONNAIRES
Good
morning/afternoon/evening! I am ……………………… from TEOFILO KISANJI UNIVERSITY,
Mbeya and I am part of research team conducting a study on assessing the
self-help spirit on community work. I
would assure you that the information you provide will be used only for the
purpose of research and your identity will be kept confidentiality.
PART ONE PERSONAL PARTICULARS
1.
Number of Respondent…. ……………………….
2.
Region of Respondent…………………………….
3.
District of Respondent …………………………
4.
Ward of Respondent …………………………………
5.
Mtaa of the respondent…………………………..
6.
Age of respondent: 15- 19 Years, 20-24
years,3-25-29 years
7.
Sex of
respondent : 1 Male: 2 Female
8.
Marital status: 1 Single: 2 Married; 3
Divorced
9.
Education level (a) No formal school (b) Primary level (c) Ordinary level (d) High
level (e) College level
10.
Occupation (a) Business (b) Farmer (c)
Employee (d) Student (e) Livestock (f) Entrepreneur
PART TWO
Questionnaires for
assessment of community work that exist, factors influencing and problems
facing people on the community
1)
Do you participate in self- activities 1 Yes, 2 No
If
Yes, Why (a) I want to
help the community (b) I want to conserve the environment (c) It is my
responsibility (d) I want to gain knowledge (e) I have ideal time (f) I want to
help others (g) I want to get jobs experience.
If
no, why: (a) Not my duty (b) Not my responsibility (c) Corruption (d) I have no
time
2) Are you ready to
work on community without payment and by using your own time and resources?
a) YES
….
b) NO…..
3)
Which community work activities found in at your Ward?
(a)
Building the bridge and schools (b) Help
patients at a local hospital (c) Mow an elderly neighbor's lawn (d)
Organize a drug, marijuana and other free crime campaign (e) Plant a tree (f)
Repaint community fences (g) Organize a self-defense workshop (h) Clean up a
local park, roads and railways (i) Others …………
Questionnaire for
factor influencing self-help spirit in community work
1)
Please indicate the reasons/s why make you read to have self-spirit on
community work
(a) I
have enough time (b) I want to conserve the environment and biodiversity (c) It
is my responsibility (d) I want to help other and contribute to the society (e)
Others, please specify…………………
Questionnaire for
problem facing self-help spirit in community work
4).
what are the challenges and problems do you face when you’re doing self-help on
community work
(a) Lack
of support from other members (b) Lack of education on importance of self-help
(c) Shortage of time (d) Family responsibility (e) Conflict (f) Lack of
communication skills (g) Poor ideology of community member (h) Others…………………..
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